Description:
Work for STIs, their effects and impact on health, etc.
Work:
Content
1st Introduction ................................................. ...................... 2
2nd Gonorrhoea ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........... ... ... ... ....... ... ... .... ... ... .3
2.1. How do gonorrhea ?..................................... 3
2.2. How are infected with gonorrhea ?................................ 4
2.3 What can be the consequences if untreated ?.................. 4
2.4. Who would know about each ganoreju ?.............. 4
3rd Trihomoniāze ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ................................. ... .. 5
3.1. What is trihomoniāze ?....................................... 5
3.2. How ipaužas trihomoniāze ?............................... 5
3.3. How to become infected with trihomoniāzi ?.......................... 5
3.4. Trichomoniasis genitourinary .......................... 5
4th Hlamidoze ... ... ... ... .......................................... ... ... ... .. 7
4.1. What is hlamidoze ?............................................ 7
4.2. What features are uroģenetālajai hlamidozei? .7
4.3. What consequences can be untreated hlamidozi ?..... 8
4.4. Chlamydiosis genitourinary ............................. 8
5th Syphilis ................................................. ..................... 11
5.1. As a form of syphilis ......................................... 11
5.2. How to become infected with syphilis .................................... 11
5.3. Congenital syphilis ........................................... 12
6th References and sources of information ....... 16
Introduction
Sexually transmitted infections are common in various countries, including Latvia. Latvian recently seen a rapid increase in morbidity, it is thus attract increasing public attention, to inform people about STIs and unprotected modes.
Latvian incidence of sexually transmitted infections or venīriskajām still remains a very prevalent. It is forecast that the number of disease with other diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea continues to grow.
STI prevalence contributes to frequent change of sexual partners, sex with casual acquaintances, personal hygiene failure, as well as not using a condom during sex.
Gonorrhoea
How gets gonorrhea?
First symptoms appear 3-10 days after infection (incubation period), but can also occur after 3 weeks of age or illness may take place without complaints. It soon after infection occurs and how many complaints have expressed these complaints depends on the number of microbes, their activities and from the human body's resistance capabilities. Complaints to gonorrhea may include:
• expressed: the main complaint is the strength of fluids from the urethra, pain and burning sensation during urination for men can be priekšādiņas inflammation (bulb), the urethral orifice apskārtums swelling. May arise from frequent and painful erection, ejaculate (semen) can be mixed with blood, women have complaints of fluids from the genitals, a burning sensation during urination, itching and burning sensation of genital area, abdominal tightness of the bottom part of such a complaint can be at all sexually transmitted infections that cause inflammation urethra - trihomoniāzes, chlamydiosis, gardnerellozes, as well as to intestinal microorganisms and other organisms due to the inflammatory process.
• tacit: discharge from the urethra appears after prolonged urinary retention, they are slimy, or purulent. During urination may be complaints of minor pain. Vīriešien urethral orifice will be red and tūskaina, inflammation (apārtums, intumescence), discharge from the urethra occurs after prolonged urinary retention, they are slimy, or purulent. During urination may be complaints of minor pain.
• free of complaints: In this case, a man becomes a carrier and gonococcal disease takes place in chronic form. In this case, a man becomes a carrier and gonococcal disease takes place in chronic form.
Such complaints can be at all sexually transmitted infections that cause inflammation urethra - trihomoniāzes, chlamydiosis, gardnerellozes, as well as to intestinal microorganisms and other organisms due to the inflammatory process.
Coming gonococcal eye - may be irreversible inflammatory processes in the eye and the time of the day likely to lose vision.
Oral sex during the infection with gonorrhea develop inflammatory process almonds. Angina occurs similar complaints - pain in the neck, which will reinforce the swallowing act at the time of increased cervical lymph nodes.
Anal sex during the infection with gonorrhea from inflammation of the rectum. 50% of cases, the disease takes place without complaints, but may include: itching, discomfort anal region, anal discharge, loose stools, pus or blood in stool admixture, towing a feeling of perineal region.
How are infected with gonorrhea?
During sexual contact - vaginal, anal and oral sex laikā.Var infected with household objects - together with the sick people with towels, shower sponges, etc.
What could be the consequences if untreated?
Untreated acute gonorrhea caused by inflammation of the time it becomes a chronic disease. Infection can spread further and cause
Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhea expelled by bacteria called gonococcal. Gonorrhoea is a chronic disease that gradually spreads ever deeper into the urinary and genital. Disease is a purulent discharge from the urethra, pain and burning sensation when urinating, or even the penis head inflammation. The disease is spread, there is pain in the eggs and the bottom of the abdomen, and there is a need to urinate frequently.
Who would know about each ganoreju?
It is a contagious disease, which infected mainly through sexual contact, rarely - when the patient's household items - sponges, wet towel, linen. The disease can take place both acutely when disease manifestations are vividly expressed and hidden, when the manifestations of the disease is poorly expressed or absent.
After sex with a person suffering from gonorrhea, complaints arise after about a week or ten days. In men, the most common complaints are: urīnkanāla discharge, itching or burning sensation urīnkanālā, pain during urination, blood, urine adulterant, urīnkanāla openings redness, swelling or salipums morning.
For women the most common complaints are: the external genital redness, itching burning sensation, discharge from genital pain, urination during menstrual cycle disorders.
If a patient fails to comply with gonorrhea hygiene standards and the toilet washed your hands, causing gonorrhea - gonococcal with pus - can bring in the eyes, causing eye inflammation, which threatens vision.
What to do to nesaslimtu with gonorrhea? Abstain from casual sexual intercourse. Unmarried sex always use a condom. Should be used separately, individual hygiene supplies (mops, towels, etc.).
Trihomoniāze
What is trihomoniāze?
Frequent infectious disease caused by Trichomonas vaginal. The trihomoniāzi suffering mostly women. Men are trihomonu carriers - meaning that they themselves are suffering, but infect their partners.
How do trihomoniāze?
Trihomoniāze often takes place without sūzībām - becoming a chronic infectious disease. But there may be acute urinary tract infection:
• discharge from the urethra;
• an unpleasant, burning urination during
• towing, heaviness perineal area;
men at an acute trihomoniāzes tend to be priekšādiņas penile edema, urethral redness, discomfort, erection and ejaculation time;
Women at the acute trihomoniāzes may be itching, burning sensation in the area of the external genitalia and mucous membranes swelling and redness.
Anal sex during infection with trihomonām inflammation may occur in the rectum. Disease usually takes place without complaints, but may include: itching, discomfort anal area, towing a feeling of perineal region.
How to become infected with trihomoniāzi?
Sexual relations within - vaginal, anal and oral sex. Possible to become infected from a partner - the transfer of infection of the hand covered in mucus or other secretions, which is located trihomonas (mutual masturbation time).
Infection occurs primarily through sexual contact, but the TV retains the viability of wet excreta, sponges, water. Therefore, contamination can also occur in household contact ceļā.Iespējams infection from household objects - together with the sick people using the toilet, etc.
(Urogenital trichomoniasis)
Etiology.
Pathogen Trichonoma vaginal (TV) is a unicellular organism with eccentric nuclear location, with a waving motion, and the membrane undulējošas assistance. Methylene blue staining in blue with the Gram method, Gram-negative by cytological methods (Romonovska-Gimzas, Leišmana) - differentiated. Cytoplasm turns from light blue to dark blue. Core-pink color. TV size is slightly larger than segmented neutrophils, their size is 5-30 x 2 to 5 m. Occurring in the more detailed and much larger cells. TV size depending on the reproduction rate and the macro. Parasitic forms can be different: classic, oval, rounded pear shaped and atypical-amēbveida.
Pathogenesis.
TV, into the vaginal mucosa or urethra, begins to multiply, causing inflammation. TV spreads to the tissue crevices amēbveidīgi. TV riding a more favorable environment is acidic, which is glikogēns.Inkubācijas period. 3-4 days to 2-3 weeks.
Diagnostics
Material acquisition. Material taken from the urethra, cervix and vagina.
Bakterioskopiskās methods of native material. Uroģentitālā tract secretions from the wash into the physiological solution and immediately microscope light microscope in a dark visual field. Possible phase kontrastmikriskopiju. Trihonomu diagnosis can also use first morning urine sediment. Native material for investigation of very important men, as they trihonomas find more difficult than in women.
Bacteriological method.
The last time the diagnosis is used rarely because trihomonu growth is slow (2-week-1 month). Inoculation by the specialized ences test, but the high cost, they can use very rarely.
Differential diagnostics
Primarily by laboratory methods, the differentiation of other sexually transmitted urogenital infections, as well as traumastiskiem and chemical damage, allergic reactions, disbakteriozes, hipovitaminozes, intestinal parasites (threadworms)-induced inflammation, toksikodermijas, ordinary pemiga (pemphigus vulgaris).
Chlamydiosis
What is chlamydiosis?
Chlamydiosis caused by bacteria that parasitize human cells. Naturally occurring chlamydial several ways. Chlamydia can cause inflammation in the eyes, joints, genital and respiratory system. Disease is usually caused by mixed infection - Chlamydia, trihomonas, gonorrhea and other microorganisms in different combinations.
What features are chlamidiosis?
Chlamydiosis often takes place without complaints and signs of disease. Symptoms may appear 4-15 days after infection. How soon after infection occurs and how many complaints expressed are those complaints is dependent on microbial numbers, activities and from the human body's resistance capabilities. Complaints to the chlamydiosis may be:
• expressed: the main complaint is the excretions of the urethra, pain and burning sensation during urination,
men may have priekšādiņas inflammation (bulb, redness), urethral orifice redness and swelling. On the penis head lining may be small, red spots. Discharge from the urethra is usually slimy, but can also be a pussy. There may be frequent and painful erection, ejaculate (semen) may be with blood;
Women may have itching and burning sensation in the lip region of small shame that you can spend a heaviness in the abdomen at the bottom part of the observed distortions of the menstrual cycle - they can be more painful, irregular and longer;
• tacit: discharge from the urethra occurs after prolonged urinary retention, they often tend to be slimy. During urination may be complaints of burning, tingling sensation urethra. Men have a slightly reddened and tūskaina urethral orifice can be priekšādiņas redness;
• complaint generally can not: In this case, the disease takes place in chronic form. In this case, the disease takes place in chronic form.
Coming Chlamydia in the eye - can result from chronic inflammation of the eyelid. Complaints are on the eyelid redness, tearing and eye discharge. Chlamydia can enter the eye during sex or oral microbes into the eye can be carried by hand to the (mutual masturbation, during or after using the toilet washed hands).
Oral sex during infection with Chlamydia from inflammation of tonsils and oral mucosa. Angina occurs similar complaints - pain in the neck, which will reinforce the swallowing act. May increase in cervical lymph nodes.
Anal sex during infection with Chlamydia may cause inflammation of the rectum. The most common disease of functions without complaints, but there may be complaints include itchy, uncomfortable feeling of anal region, in fluids from the anal, loose stools, pus or blood, bloody stools, towing a sense of perineal region. Chronic inflammation contributes to the formation of haemorrhoids and may contribute to colorectal cancer development.
What may be a consequence untreated chlamydiosis?
Chlamydia causes chronic inflammatory process that affects the human immune system. Chlamydiosis can cause joint abnormalities
Chlamydiosis
Chlamydiosis caused by bacteria - Chlamydia in infected persons living in sexual and other mucous membranes.The disease is refractory to treatment and the treatment required to use certain
antibiotics. The disease can be sustained, without pronounced symptoms, but can cause serious damage - chronic urinary tract inflammation, infertility, etc.
Disease is a purulent discharge from the urethra, pain and burning sensation when urinating.
(Urogenital chlamydiosis)
Chlamydiosis is the most common sexually transmitted urogenital infections, which can cause inflammation ilgstoū with complications and also affect konjuktīvu and joints. In the United States will not be recorded over 4 million cases of the disease, in Europe, approximately 3 million cases of the disease. 25-55% of cases, it leads men negonokoku urethritis.
Etiloģija.
Chlamydia is a small grmanegatīvas bacteria that are oblogāti parasites and can grow only in cytoplasmic inclusions intraceluāri cells (Halberšteina Provaceka-cell). These inclusions are chlamydial colonies.
Human urogenital chlamydiosis bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis suggests D, E, F, G, H, J, K, serological type. Disadvantaged Chlamydia transformēkās of the L forms can be sustained parazitēt cell, causing minimal antigēnukairinājumu. Immunosuppression or immunodeficiency case, L-shaped reversed, causing the disease uziesmojumu.
Pathogenesis.
The infection occurs, the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis enters the mucosa. Chlamydia tiecamšūnas is cylindrical and the transitional epithelial cells. To the cell surface into the chlamydial elementārķermenīši (EC), a mature form of micro-and ensure the spread of infection. This micro-form can exist outside the body izstabas at 24-36 h and killed in the UV and disinfectant effects, as well as by boiling. EC cell becomes rtikulārķermenīšos (VC) with an active metabolism and rapidly multiply. VC mature, the infected cell is collapsed and disposed of a new EC. This cycle last for 48-71h.
Incubation period-5-14 days and longer.
Diagnostics
Bakterioskopiskā method.
Smears from the urethra or cervix, which are dyed after Romanovskis-Gimzas methods, looking for cytoplasmic inclusions in cells (chlamydial colonies). Bakterioskopija is insensitive method, which enables the disease found only 15-25% of cases, it is used more rarely. This test is only indicative.
Bacteriological method (kultūrdiagnostika).
This is a valuable and specific diagnostic test. Chlamydia from the disease focus cultivated in cell cultures or chicken embryos. Cell culture, C. trachomatis is determined by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions. The method is complicated and expensive, so little availability. It is widely used, but using only very complex cases differential.
Imūnseroloģiskās methods
Direct immunofluorescence method-TIFR (Chlamydia trachomatis direct specimen test) TIFR random samples are obtained with a swab directly from C. trachomatis infected cervical canal, urethra, rectum or throat, which reveals extracellular EC. Samples from kunjunktīvas can detect extracellular EC, cell confinement, or both. Diagnosis based solely on the presence of EC. The majority of staining methods can not determine the EC. The TIFR can identify and distinguish the Court of samples from the patient. The test is simple and fast diagnosis of chlamydial infection. Believes that the TIFR test sensitivity in 92% and specificity-98%.
Imūnfermentu analysis tests (IFA). Used primarily to IgA and IgG antibody tests, indirect solid-phase imunfermentatīvi tests, which are inscribed the enzyme horseradish peroxidase.
Molecular biology techniques.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - is the most sensitive and highly specific test for diagnosis of chlamydiosis. The test methodology is complex, it is necessary to carry out a special apparatus. The PCR test is used to determine C. trachomatis antigen amplificētos samples. Many researchers used DNA tests to determine the different microorganisms. Specific DNA chain exposing multi apmplificēšanai attains high sensitivity. Reported by 80 - 100% PCR sensitivity, 93-98% specificity. For investigated materials used material from swabbing of the cervix, urethra, and urine.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae C.trachomatis and Diagnostics with DNA probe (GEN Probe). This is the second molecular test, which has recently gained popularity in Chlamydia and gonorrhea and diagnostics. It is a method in which the use of fluorescent-labeled DNA probes to complementary RNA target organism ribosomālai. Anti-scrape material from the cervical canal, the urethra or the conjunctiva.
Differential diagnostics.
Only a laboratory from other genitourinary infections.
Chlamydiosis diagnostic test sensitivity comparison.
No. Diagnostic Test Test Sensitivity (%)
1st Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 90-100
2nd Kultūrdiagnostika 60-80
3rd Immunofluorescence assay (TIFR), 55-75
4th Imūnfermentaanalīze (IFA), 50-70
5th DNA probe method (GEN Probe) 50-70
6th Eksprestesti 40-60
