Introduction
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are prevalent in various countries, including Latvia. Recently, Latvia has witnessed a rapid increase in STI cases, drawing increasing public attention to the importance of educating people about STIs and unprotected sexual practices. The incidence of STIs, including syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydiosis, remains high in Latvia, partly due to frequent changes of sexual partners, engaging in sex with casual acquaintances, poor personal hygiene, and a lack of condom usage during sexual activities.
Gonorrhea
What is Gonorrhea? Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is a chronic disease that primarily affects the urinary and genital tracts. Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear 3-10 days after infection, but they can also manifest after 3 weeks, and sometimes the infection may be asymptomatic. Symptoms of gonorrhea include:
- For men: Urethral discharge, pain, and burning sensation during urination. Inflammation of the foreskin (bulb) or swelling around the urethral opening may also occur. Painful and frequent erections, and blood in semen are possible.
- For women: Genital discharge, burning sensation during urination, itching, and burning sensation in the genital area. Tightness in the lower abdomen may also be observed.
How is Gonorrhea Transmitted? Gonorrhea is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be spread through the sharing of contaminated objects like towels and sponges.
Consequences of Untreated Gonorrhea If left untreated, acute gonorrhea can progress into a chronic disease, leading to further complications. The infection may spread to other parts of the body and cause severe health issues.
Trichomoniasis
What is Trichomoniasis? Trichomoniasis is a common infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It predominantly affects women, but men can also be carriers of the infection.
How is Trichomoniasis Contracted? Trichomoniasis often remains asymptomatic and becomes a chronic infection. Acute urinary tract infection can also occur with symptoms such as:
- For men: Urethral discharge, burning during urination, discomfort, and swelling of the foreskin.
- For women: Itching, burning sensation in the external genitalia, and swelling and redness of the mucous membranes.
Transmission of Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis is primarily transmitted through sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted through the sharing of infected objects or surfaces.
Chlamydiosis
What is Chlamydiosis? Chlamydiosis is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia, which parasitize human cells. Chlamydia can lead to inflammation in various areas of the body, including the eyes, joints, genitals, and respiratory system. The disease is often caused by mixed infections with other microorganisms like gonorrhea and trichomoniasis.
Features of Chlamydiosis Chlamydiosis can remain asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms. Symptoms may appear 4-15 days after infection and can include:
- For men: Urethral discharge, pain, and burning sensation during urination. Redness and swelling around the urethral opening may also occur.
- For women: Itching and burning sensation in the genital area, pain during urination, and abnormalities in the menstrual cycle.
Untreated Consequences of Chlamydiosis Untreated chlamydiosis can lead to chronic inflammation, affecting the immune system and potentially causing complications such as joint abnormalities.
Conclusion
Sexually transmitted infections pose a significant public health concern in Latvia and worldwide. Raising awareness about STIs, practicing safe sex, and promoting regular screening and early treatment are essential to prevent the spread of infections and protect overall health. If you suspect you have an STI or have been exposed to one, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly.
